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DREAM PROJECT RATIONALE

the objectives.

Quality teaching, in my opinion, combines effective pedagogical strategies, subject knowledge, and technology-based tools as represented in the TPACK framework. This framework resonates the most with me when I think about how to blend those three components for planning a lesson to better impact student learning.

 

The first component discussed is content knowledge. According to the Understanding by Design Framework (UbD), identifying the standards first and then designing a lesson will allow you to scaffold lessons to meet students' needs (Wiggins & McTighe, 2005). This backward design will enhance students' understanding by decreasing the extraneous load of the material they must learn and allows them to make meaningful connections.

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Take a look at the objectives and prerequisite knowledge for each chapter.

MATTER

NGSS: 

Physical Sciences, Matter and Its Interactions, Grade 6, Trimester 1, MS-PS1-1 

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Chapter 4 Objectives:

  • describe the structure of atoms 

  • distinguish between atoms of different elements

  • define ions and isotopes

  • develop models to describe the atomic composition of simple molecules

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Prerequisites: 

Students have knowledge about the different states of matter from grade 5. 

the tools.

the tools.

My goal is to bring technology tools to the classroom that are meaningful to students and provide them with opportunities for effective learning. Interactive visuals, collaboration through shared online forums, and readily available simulations that are not available via printouts or in textbooks are best practice solutions for innovative classroom contexts. 

 

Check out some of the NMTT that have been used in the lessons by clicking on the titles below:

Collaboration
Collaboration

Padlet: post, contribute, and connect on beautiful boards

Simulations
Simulations

PhET: engage students with interactive games and simulations

Interactive
Videos
Interactive
Videos

Edpuzzle: insert interactive elements to any video to engage the user

E-Portfolio
E-Portfolio

Google Docs: store, collaborate, and communicate all in one place

visuals
visuals

Canva: becoming a graphic designer has never been easier

the design.

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The three components of the TPACK framework depend on each other to produce the desired outcomes. Each lesson is designed to incorporate NMTT that supplement the underlying pedagogical strategies, provide content that will increase engagement levels, and enhance student understanding. 

 

My rationale on the learning aspects I chose to focus on is presented below:

Promote collaboration & communication.

NMTT provide opportunities for every student's voice to be heard and even expand learning beyond the classroom. Some teachers may argue that bringing technology in the classroom discourages communication between students. However, annotation tools such as Google Docs make collaboration possible amongst students, teachers, and parents without them being in the same physical space. 

1.

Incorporate formative assessment as an integral part of instruction.

All too often, performance on an assessment is a means to an end and is used as a sole indicator of students' understanding. My aim is to utilize assessment as a form of insight where it is an integral part of the learning process (Shepard, 2000). NMTT have made it possible for teachers to analyze real-time data and provide instant feedback which is an essential part of the learning cycle. The simulation using PhET, flashcards using Quizlet, interactive video using EDpuzzle, ePortfoilio using Google Docs, and collaboration board using Padlet are all assessments for learning which are designed to enhance students' understanding. For example, when they are engaging with the Build an Atom simulation, if the number of neutrons is not correct the atom shakes and is labeled with the term unstable. This automatic visual reaction provides students with immediate feedback during their thinking process. 

2.

Provide multiple means of representation & expression.

'One size fits all' models are rather outdated in modern classroom settings. Many educators struggle with meeting every student’s needs and covering a condensed curriculum at the same time. Therefore, they tend to use ‘teach to the test’ methods. When using NMTT it is possible to better address different student needs including language barriers and flexible learning paths. My lessons are part of a blended learning course, and the nature of this website makes learning more flexible for students to move between the separate parts of a chapter. Hence, students who need more time will no longer feel like they are falling behind and students who finish faster can move on to more challenging tasks. My lessons are designed to further personalize instructions by providing students with multiple mediums to learn. In these lessons, while using Google Docs and Padlet students can then respond via images, text, and videos as per their preference to learn.

3.

Improve engagement levels: 

I firmly believe that integrating NMTT can transform classrooms and enhance student engagement. My vision of new media is to create learning opportunities beyond the physical location of the classroom. Also, I believe that new media makes it possible for science teachers to bring scientific concepts to life, rather than look at static images in a textbook. I argue that modern teaching and learning does not simply mean to place computers in classrooms. NMTT should be integrated to support the pedagogical strategies and present contents to engage students towards taking ownership of their own learning rather than just receive information. Building an Atom is a PhET simulation that allows students to explore how each decision they make affects the characteristics of an atom. Simulations are useful in science teaching because they allow students to ‘see’ concepts that are abstract and complex. In textbooks, the periodic table is presented by a static image. In my online lessons, students can interact with the periodic table and make real-life connections with how these elements are used in authentic contexts. EDpuzzle is used to add questions within a video to grab the viewers' attention. NMTT tools can also be used to engage students in whole-class instruction. Jeopardy Labs is a great tool to extend, engage, and evaluate thinking during my blended learning course. 

4.

Decisions were also made to create content that would decrease the cognitive load imposed on students. According to research, the content design should integrate strategies that decrease extraneous load, manage intrinsic load, and optimize germane load (Merrienboer & Sweller, 2009). With regards to creating multimedia content, the design should redistribute essential processing, reduce incidental processing, or reduce representational holding (Mayer & Moreno, 2003).

 

To reduce cognitive load, the theory-based strategies behind my course design are presented below:

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  • Simple-to-complex strategy: Each unit is broken down into mini-lessons that manage the intrinsic load by isolating the learning content into individual elements. Students first explore each subatomic particle individually. As students progress through the lessons, they are guided to build their knowledge and move from simple tasks to the full complexity task of determining the number of all three subatomic particles. 

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  • Segmentation effect: Each mini-lesson is further broken down into bite-size pieces to allow students to digest the material and redistribute essential processing. Each segment has an action verb as a title to help them understand the purpose of that segment.

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  • Modality strategy: I have incorporated visuals, gifs, audio, and text to find a good balance between demands on the visual and auditory processing channels. I used iMovie to add audio to my animations so that visual processing is not overloaded. While doing so, I tried to eliminate any redundancies between on-screen text and narration.

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  • Split-attention principle: While creating multimodal content, I have aligned and synchronized materials so that students can view content in the right place and time. I used the online software, Canva, to create visuals of the atom with aligned labels. In the gifs and videos I created, the text, animations, and audio are synchronized. These strategies decrease extraneous load and reduce the need for students to hold representations in the working memory during learning.

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  • Worked example principle: In order to decrease extraneous load while problem-solving, students can work through examples using proper guidance.

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  • Emotional design hypothesis: I have designed visually appealing elements to foster generative processing which focuses on the learner's level of motivation to engage in learning materials. For example, the proton, electron, and neutron were all personified and the characteristics of an atom were defined and incorporated in three distinct and appealing colors and faces. I used Canva and EZgif to design the visuals. Even though the unit was broken down into mini-lessons, these visuals were intertwined throughout each segment which allows content to be presented in a story-telling theme.

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Resources:

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Mayer, R. (2014). Incorporating motivation into multimedia learning. Learning and Instruction, 29, 171-173.

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Richard E. Mayer & Roxana Moreno (2003) Nine Ways to Reduce Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning, Educational Psychologist, 38:1, 43-52, DOI: 10.1207/ S15326985EP3801_6

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Shepard, L. (2000). The role of assessment in a learning culture. Educational Researcher, 29(7), 4-14.

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Wiggins, G. P., & McTighe, J. (2005). Understanding by design. (Vol. Expanded 2nd ed). Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

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Van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Sweller, J. (2010), Cognitive load theory in health professional education: Design principles and strategies. Medical Education, 44(1), 85–93. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03498.x

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the design.

setup.

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